The exceptional performance of the E3 spark plug starts with the unique open architecture of the E3 electrode. The design forces air gap discharges, creates the preferred edge-to-edge spark path, allows free replenishment of the spark zone with a fresh fuel/air charge, and exposes the flame front more directly to the piston head than other plug designs.Sparks naturally follow edge-paths as they leave an object. The E3 design presents multiple sharp edges to the center electrode. Sparks flow between these edges at lower voltages, facilitating easier discharge than standard designs. By forcing air sparks, the resistance to fouling is greatly increased in the E3 spark plug. This lowers the self-cleaning temperature of the spark plug, allowing colder heat ranges to be used if desired.E3's distinctive spark plug design has proven, in testing in a range of engines, to simultaneously increase engine power output, reduce gasoline consumption, decrease hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions from the engine and materially extend the life of the spark plug.